Course Outline:

• • Introduction to instrumentation and their applications
  • Digital and analog instrumentation
  • Measurement terminologies and Principles of different measurement techniques.
  • Unit Dimension and Standards
  • Fundamental and derived units, electrical units
  • Frequency, voltage, current, resistance, capacitance and inductance standards
  • Types of bridges
  • AC and DC Bridges Resistance, capacitance and inductance bridges,
  • Types of Transducer based on Quantity to be Measured
  • Temperature transducers (e.g. a thermocouple)
  • Thermistors NTC/PTC
  • Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTDs) (pt100)
  • Thermocouples j, k,l types
  • Semiconductor-Based Sensors
  • Pressure transducers
  • Strain gauges
  • Capacitance Pressure Transducers
  • Potentiometric Pressure Transducers
  • Resonant Wire Pressure Transducers
  • The Barometer
  • The Aneroid Barometer
  • The Siphon Barometer
  • The Diaphragm Pressure Gauge
  • The Bourdon Gauge
  • Piezometer or Pressure Tube
  • Manometers
  • The U-Tube Manometer (The Double Column Manometer):
  • The Inclined Tube Manometer:
  • Single Column Manometer:
  • Inverted U-Tube Manometer:
  • Micro Manometer (U-Tube with Enlarged Ends):
  • Displacement/position transducers
  • Potentiometer
  • Strain gauge
  • Capacitive sensors
  • Oscillator Transducer
  • Flow transducers
  • Differential Pressure Flow Meters
  • Positive Displacement Flow Meters
  • Velocity Flow Meters
  • Mass Flow Meters
  • Open Channel Flow Meters
  • Vision and Imaging Sensors
  • Radiation Sensors
  • Proximity Sensors
  • Photoelectric Sensors
  • Particle Sensors
  • Motion Sensors
  • Metal Sensors
  • Level Sensors
  • Leak Sensors
  • Humidity Sensors
  • Contact
  • Sensors
  • Non-Contact
  • Sensors
  • Types of Transducer based on the Principle of Operation
  • Photovoltaic (e.g. a solar cell)
  • Piezoelectric transducer
  • Chemical
  • Mutual induction
  • Electromagnetic
  • Hall effect
  • Photoconductors
  • Primary & Secondary Transducer
  • Analog & Digital Transducer
  • Transducer & Inverse Transducer
  • Active and passive transducers
  • Conditions for selection of Transducer Types
  • Dynamic Range
  • Repeatability
  • Noise
  • Hysteresis
  • Measuring
  • Instruments
  • Oscilloscopes
  • Signal generators
  • Spectrum analyzers
  • Network analyzer
  • Impedance analyzers
  • Logic analyzers
  • DC ammeters, DC voltmeters and resistance
  • measurements
  • DC meter calibration
  • AC Indicating Meters
  • Energy meters
  • Half wave and full wave rectifier meters
  • Single phase wattmeter and energy measurement
  • meters
  • Instrument transformers (CT and PT)
  • Analog Electronic Meters:
  • The d’Arsonval movement galvanometer
  • Transistor voltmeter circuits and operational
  • amplifier voltmeter circuits
  • Universal Instrumentation amplifiers
  • AC electronic voltmeters and current and
  • Resistance measurement.
  • Digital Mustimeters:
  • Digital voltmeter, ohm meters and current meter.
  • Industrial Communication Techniques RS232, RS 422, RS 423, RS 485,Serial, Bus, and Ethernet Technology
  • Analog to digital converter,
  • Types of ADC circuits flash ADCs
  • Sigma Delta converters
  • Analog to Digital convertors
  • Successive approximation
  • register (SAR) converters
  • Integrating or Dual-slope
  • Converters
  • Digital to Analog converter and their implementation
  • Grounding Shielding and Noise
  • Different Noise categories
  • Signal to noise ratio and noise figure
  • Interference and external sources of
  • interference
  • Grounds, ground faults and ground loops
  • Common mode noise
  • Shielding and filtering